Provenance
This standalone page was migrated from the February 2026 compendium corpus.
QUAD (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue)
The US-Japan-Australia-India strategic partnership. In the rare earth context, the QUAD has established a partnership to reduce dependence on Chinese rare earth processing, though challenges remain regarding tariffs and cooperation among partners.
Europeanization of Defense
The process of building indigenous European defense manufacturing capability, reducing dependence on US equipment and security guarantees. Poland’s “Polonization” strategy (requiring technology transfer and domestic manufacturing for defense contracts) and its partnership with South Korean defense manufacturers (Hanwha Aerospace, Hyundai Rotem) exemplify this trend.
Friend-Shoring
The relocation of supply chains to politically allied nations rather than lowest-cost locations. Proposed by US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen as a middle ground between reshoring (domestic only) and the pre-2020 cost-optimized global model. Mexico, Vietnam, and India are primary beneficiaries.
FORGE (Forum on Resource Geostrategic Engagement)
A plurilateral alliance highlighted by CSIS in 2025, designed to coordinate allied mineral supply chain security. Links energy (batteries) and security through coordinated offtake agreements, price floors, and stockpiling among US-aligned nations.
Trilateral Integration (US-Japan-South Korea)
The deepening defense cooperation among the US, Japan, and South Korea, including trilateral bomber escort flights, intelligence sharing, and coordinated defense industrial policy. Signals continued US engagement in the Indo-Pacific despite hemisphere-first rhetoric.
Polonization
Poland’s strategy of requiring technology transfer and domestic manufacturing for major defense contracts. Makes Poland a manufacturing hub for the “Europeanization” of Korean weapons systems, reducing reliance on Western European suppliers. Poland’s 4.8% GDP defense spending (highest in NATO) funds this industrial transformation.